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Fea's petrel
The Fea's petrel (''Pterodroma feae''), is a small seabird in the gadfly petrel genus, ''Pterodroma''. It was previously considered to be a subspecies of the soft-plumaged petrel, ''P. mollis'', but they are actually not closely related at all. However, ''P. feae'' is very closely related to Zino's petrel and Desertas petrel, two other species recently split from ''P. mollis''. The species is named after the Italian zoologist Leonardo Fea (1852-1903), whose surname is pronounced "FAY-ah".
==Taxonomy and systematics==
The first known recording of the "soft-plumaged petrel" appears to have been in October 1768 off the coast of West Africa during Captain Cook's first voyage. While no description was published at the time, a drawing of the specimen produced by Sydney Parkinson can be recognised as the form breeding on the Cape Verde Islands. This specimen was later described as a distinct species by Salvadori in 1899, ''Oestrelata feae'', named after the Italian ornithologist Leonardo Fea and was later reclassified again as ''Pterodroma feae''.
The gadfly petrels in the genus ''Pterodroma'' are seabirds of temperate and tropical oceans. Many are little-known and poorly studied, and their often similar appearance has meant that the taxonomy of the group has been rather fluid. The forms breeding in Macaronesia on Madeira, Bugio in the Desertas Islands, and in the Cape Verde archipelago were long considered to be subspecies of the southern hemisphere soft-plumaged petrel ''P. mollis'', but differences in size, vocalisations, breeding behaviour and mitochondrial DNA analysis showed that the northern birds are not closely related to ''P. mollis'',〔 and that the Bermuda petrel or cahow may be the closest relative of the Macaronesian birds.〔 Sangster recommended establishing Zino's petrel on Madeira and Fea's petrel on the Desertas and Cape Verde as full species, and the species split was accepted by the Association of European Rarities Committees (AERC) in 2003. More recently, some authorities have further split Fea's petrel, separating the Desertas Islands breeding birds from those in the Cape Verde archipelago.
Sangster estimated that the two Macaronesian species diverged at the end of the Early Pleistocene, 850,000 years ago,〔 although the methodology used to establish this time scale has subsequently been questioned. An analysis of feather lice from Fea's petrels ''Pterodroma feae deserti'' from Bugio Island and Zino's petrels from the Madeiran mainland showed that there were marked differences between the two seabirds in terms of the parasites they carried, suggesting that they have long been isolated, since lice can normally only be transferred through physical contact in the nest. The species on Zino's petrel are most similar to those of the Bermuda petrel, whereas Fea's petrel's lice are like those of Caribbean and Pacific ''Pterodromas''. This suggests that despite the close physical proximity of the two species of gadfly petrel found in the Madeiran archipelago, they may have arisen from separate colonisations of mainland Madeira and, later, the Desertas Islands.
抄文引用元・出典: フリー百科事典『 ウィキペディア（Wikipedia）』
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